how does a non-redstone related block know if it's powered?

i was looking for any block that can be powered with common redstone and that can can store it's power level as a block state. kinda like a target block, but unfortunately targets can only be powered through arrows. so then i've came to the conclusion that i should try another approach, and a thought popped in my head: doesn't every block store it's powered level? or at least it's powered state? since powering a block from any face and connecting a redstone wire on the other end of the block makes the wire powered, the block must know if it's powered or not in some way, right? the thing is that i haven't yet found anything on this matter. i may be looking in the wrong places, and most probably haven't found anything yet because of that (for all i know, it could be the most basic information ever), so can anyone help me with this?